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Low Job Growth Casts Doubt On Recovery

William Rutherford

Published December 10, 2010

The U.S. economy added fewer jobs than expected in November. The weakness in the jobs report 17 months after the recession officially ended is a vivid reminder that we have a long way to go before a full-fledged recovery. The unemployment rate has been above 9 percent for 19 months, the longest period for such an elevated level since World War II.

Retailers are becoming more cautious with the combination of weak job numbers and the extension of jobless benefits in doubt. Congress could deliver a double whammy to Christmas if it fails to extend unemployment benefits and fails to deliver an extension of tax cuts. The air could go out from what started as a robust holiday season.

Private-sector employers added only 50,000 jobs last month, significantly fewer than the 250,000 needed just to accommodate workforce growth. The jobless rate rose to 9.8 percent, the highest level since April. Economists had expected a growth rate of 144,000 jobs and a jobless rate of 9.6 percent.
Retail shed jobs going into the Christmas season. Manufacturing lost 13,000 jobs, the fourth decline in
a row. Government shed 11,000 jobs, mostly at local levels where tight budgets have caused
problems.

The weak numbers caused Vice President Joe Biden to say there is no denying the numbers were
disappointing. Ben Bernanke recently said that job creation is the most important job the government
faces; this was the motivation behind the Fed’s latest bond purchase program. Bernanke said the
jobless rate could grow if the economy continues to grow at its sluggish rate. He is particularly
concerned about those who have been out of work for an extended time.

The broader measure of unemployment, which includes […]

December 14th, 2010|Categories: Daily Journal of Commerce|Tags: , , , , , |Comments Off on Low Job Growth Casts Doubt On Recovery

Victory Leads GOP To House Control

Published November 5, 2010
See original article

William RutherfordIn the 2008 election, Independent voters supported Democrats by an 18 percent margin. In the recent midterm elections, they favored Republicans by 15 percent, and with that shift, the Democrat coalition crumbled. Democrats lost ground among women, middle-income workers, whites and seniors. Driving the shift was a broad concern over the economy and doubt about big government.

President Obama was elected in 2008 as the standard bearer for hope and change. He brought change, but not the kind that voters were looking for. He also let congressional Democrats define his agenda and determine what hope and change looked like. Those were big mistakes, and his naturally cerebral approach to problem solving also disconnected him from voters.

Obama failed to notice that the economy remained weak and that getting people back to work was his number one priority. He should have take a page from the playbook of fellow Democrat James Carville, the “Ragin Cajun” who famously said, “It’s the economy, stupid.” Unemployment remained stubbornly high at about 9.6 percent, and will likely remain around 9 percent going into the presidential election cycle, which portends the loss of the White House to the Republicans. The idea that the supremely charismatic president suddenly might be a one term president became not only thinkable, but possible. Even chastened Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., promised that his number one job was to create jobs. “The only thing that is going to solve our economic problems in this country is jobs,” Reid said. Unfortunately, many Democrats arrived at this conclusion much too late.

In the end, the election became a referendum on the president […]

November 6th, 2010|Categories: Daily Journal of Commerce|Comments Off on Victory Leads GOP To House Control

After The Best September For Equity Markets In 71 Years, What’s Next?

William RutherfordFear lingers as worry of a double dip fades. What can the Federal Reserve do?
The past quarter brought numerous gloomy headlines. The specter of a double-dip recession, a
depression or inflation loomed.

Each day seemed to bring more negative news and reason for gloom. Not surprisingly, markets
reacted, and after a strong July, equity markets dipped in August to an overall minus number for the
year. It did not help that investors withdrew about $34 billion from equity mutual funds for the year
and placed $32 billion into international and emerging market funds, or that the “flash crash” of May 6
caused many investors to wonder if they were playing with a stacked deck.

Job losses continued to mount last month with the unemployment rate hitting 9.6 percent. The Obama
administration took solace in the fact that the private sector in August added 67,000 jobs – about one fourth
of the number needed to provide jobs for new entrants into the workforce.

The question the market seems to be wrestling with is: Are we about to experience a “new normal” for
growth in the U.S.?

Historically, on average, the U.S. economy has grown about 3 percent per year – also about the rate
of inflation. Bonds have historically returned the rate of inflation plus 3 percent, for a total of 6
percent. Equities have historically returned about 9 percent.

As every investor knows, the last 10 years have been anything but normal, and the U.S. economy
seems to be growing less than normal. Is this the “new normal”? Should we expect less than 3
percent growth, or even none? Is the structural growth rate of the U.S. economy lower now than
historically? The answer has big implications for investors.

Both […]

October 13th, 2010|Categories: Daily Journal of Commerce|Comments Off on After The Best September For Equity Markets In 71 Years, What’s Next?

After The Best September For Equity Markets In 71 Years, What’s Next?

William RutherfordFear lingers as worry of a double dip fades. What can the Federal Reserve do?
The past quarter brought numerous gloomy headlines. The specter of a double-dip recession, a
depression or inflation loomed.

Each day seemed to bring more negative news and reason for gloom. Not surprisingly, markets
reacted, and after a strong July, equity markets dipped in August to an overall minus number for the
year. It did not help that investors withdrew about $34 billion from equity mutual funds for the year
and placed $32 billion into international and emerging market funds, or that the “flash crash” of May 6
caused many investors to wonder if they were playing with a stacked deck.

Job losses continued to mount last month with the unemployment rate hitting 9.6 percent. The Obama
administration took solace in the fact that the private sector in August added 67,000 jobs – about one fourth
of the number needed to provide jobs for new entrants into the workforce.

The question the market seems to be wrestling with is: Are we about to experience a “new normal” for
growth in the U.S.?

Historically, on average, the U.S. economy has grown about 3 percent per year – also about the rate
of inflation. Bonds have historically returned the rate of inflation plus 3 percent, for a total of 6
percent. Equities have historically returned about 9 percent.

As every investor knows, the last 10 years have been anything but normal, and the U.S. economy
seems to be growing less than normal. Is this the “new normal”? Should we expect less than 3
percent growth, or even none? Is the structural growth rate of the U.S. economy lower now than
historically? The answer has big implications for investors.

Both […]

October 13th, 2010|Categories: Daily Journal of Commerce|Comments Off on After The Best September For Equity Markets In 71 Years, What’s Next?

Is This Recession The New Normal?

William RutherfordFear lingers as worry of a double dip fades. What can the Federal Reserve do? The past quarter brought numerous gloomy headlines. The specter of a double-dip recession, a depression or inflation loomed.

Each day seemed to bring more negative news and reason for gloom. Not surprisingly, markets reacted, and after a strong July, equity markets dipped in August to an overall minus number for the year. It did not help that investors withdrew about $34 billion from equity mutual funds for the year and placed $32 billion into international and emerging market funds, or that the “flash crash” of May 6 caused many investors to wonder if they were playing with a stacked deck.

Job losses continued to mount last month with the unemployment rate hitting 9.6 percent. The Obama administration took solace in the fact that the private sector in August added 67,000 jobs – about one fourth of the number needed to provide jobs for new entrants into the workforce.
The question the market seems to be wrestling with is: Are we about to experience a “new normal” for growth in the U.S.?

Historically, on average, the U.S. economy has grown about 3 percent per year – also about the rate of inflation. Bonds have historically returned the rate of inflation plus 3 percent, for a total of 6 percent. Equities have historically returned about 9 percent.

As every investor knows, the last 10 years have been anything but normal, and the U.S. economy seems to be growing less than normal. Is this the “new normal”? Should we expect less than 3 percent growth, or even none? Is the structural growth rate of the U.S. […]

Global Economy In Second Quarter Not So Good

What a difference a month makes.
William RutherfordThe market experienced a healthy start this year. The first quarter showed the S&P with a credible, 4.9 percent gain. A global recovery seemed in the offing.
Then problems began to occur. The sovereign debt crisis in Europe threatened to sink the euro and pull the eurozone apart. Iran seemed more likely to be developing nuclear weapons. The U.S. experienced a “flash crash” such as the market had never seen before, shattering investor confidence. The BP oil spill triggered a gulf crisis, and President Obama suffered his very own Katrina moment and unnerved the whole country. Then the jobmarket went into a stall. Consumer confidence waned.

Suddenly the global outlook was not so optimistic. Eighty percent of economists polled said the economy was slowing. Talk of a double dip recession became common. Nobel laureate Paul Krugman warned of a third depression. After the market peaked on April 23, the S&P
500 stock index slumped 16 percent to nearly meet the definition of a bear market. Gloom spread.

Volatility surfaced once again. The flash crash demonstrated the pain that volatility can evoke. For instance, investors who used stop-loss orders to protect their holdings found themselves with enormous losses as their “insurance” failed. The flash crash did demonstrate that volatility can take prices to irrationally low levels.

Many investors fled the markets after the flash crash. Morgan Stanley reported that clients withdrew billions of dollars. We did not lose any clients as a result of market instability. Some saw it as a chance to move back into equities.

Surveys of individual investors pointed to an unusually swift eruption of bearishness among those investors. Fears of […]

August 11th, 2010|Categories: Daily Journal of Commerce|Comments Off on Global Economy In Second Quarter Not So Good

A Third Depression?

William RutherfordIn a recent article in The New York Times, Nobel laureate Paul Krugman raised the specter of a third
depression for the United States. A Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences is a strong credential,
and Krugman makes a strong case.

Krugman’s thesis is that the U.S. and Europe are now doing what the American government
notoriously did to create and prolong the Great Depression. He also refers to the years of deflation and
instability that followed the panic of 1873 as the “Long Depression.” In both cases the government
followed a policy of austerity and balanced budgets, which Krugman says exacerbated the financial
woes. Krugman believes we are either in a depression comparable to the 19th century model or about
to be in one comparable to the 20th century model.

Joining the debate is Robert Prechter, an advocate of the Elliott Wave theory who forecasts a long
slide bigger than either of the earlier depressions. He believes the Dow will fall to well below 1,000, in
a crash larger than the South Sea Bubble of 1720.

It is tough to argue with them. First, my credentials don’t begin to match either of theirs. My
education was in history and economics, and the law. I have been a businessman most of my life, but
also a lawyer and a public servant elected to statewide office. I have not won any prizes for any of
these – well, Rutherford Investment Management has received a five-star rating from Morningstar, but
nothing rivaling a Nobel Prize. They also have a lot of factual support for their point of view. My
college economics professor would have agreed with them.

In support of the Krugman thesis, housing prices have plunged in the U.S., and the […]

July 12th, 2010|Categories: Daily Journal of Commerce|Tags: , , , |Comments Off on A Third Depression?

What Caused The Crash Of 2:45 PM

William RutherfordOn May 6, at 2:45 p.m., the equity markets in the U.S. crashed without warning. During a unique 17- minute period, the market suffered the largest intraday decline in market history. Stock prices fell about 9 percent only to recover much of the loss moments later. Shares in Procter & Gamble, one of the most liquid stocks on the exchange, fell 35 percent in moments. Accenture slid from $40 to a penny. With a cascade of sell orders coming in, traders, specialists and even computers stood aside as prices plummeted. Many stocks, including Procter & Gamble, did not trade for several minutes. This has become known as the “flash crash.”

While it is unknown exactly what caused the crash, some people believe that a large, $12 billion sell order in mini S&P futures, entered by a Midwestern brokerage firm, may have been the catalyst.

About 70 percent of the orders on the New York Stock Exchange are now done by computers in what is known as flash or high-frequency trading (I wrote about this previously in an August 2009 column for the Daily Journal of Commerce). When the computers saw this huge trade, they instantly sold and started the crash. The NYSE shifted into “slow mode,” which caused incoming orders to shift to humans (specialists charged with maintaining an orderly market) and to other exchanges. (There are more than fifty other exchanges.)

Both the specialists and the other exchanges were swamped. Floor traders at first thought a large European bank must have failed, but then realized that was not true. But the specialists and the computers did get out of the way. Their action […]

June 15th, 2010|Categories: Daily Journal of Commerce|Tags: , , , |Comments Off on What Caused The Crash Of 2:45 PM

A Slow Economic Recovery Puts More Focus On Elections

William RutherfordLast month’s column, “Is there any good news among the grim?,” cited several instances of progress on the economic front. April has brought more good news, among still grim employment numbers.

The gross domestic product increased 3.2 percent last quarter. Though positive, the number was smaller than expected and barely maintained the jobs necessary to keep unemployment at current levels. GDP needs to grow at least 5 percent to make a dent in unemployment. But even as unemployment remained stubbornly high, new applications for unemployment declined. President Obama said the economy must create more jobs.

The GDP rate is growing slower than after previous recessions. The increase in GDP was largely due more to restoring inventory balances than end-point sales.

The Conference Board’s Leading Economic Index increased for the third straight month. Ken Goldstein,
economist at The Conference Board, said, “The indicators point to a slow recovery that should continue over
the next few months. The leading, coincident and lagging series are rising. Strength of demand remains the big question going forward.” Also, the Conference Board’s Consumer Confidence Index, which had rebounded in March, continued to increase in April.

Inflation remained subdued. The Federal Open Market Committee kept interest rates low and indicated that
they would remain low for an extended period. Clearly the Fed believes that any recovery we are seeing needs more time to gather strength.

The housing market sputtered after an uptick resulting from federal tax credits for new home purchases. As
soon as the credit expired, the market slumped.

The FDIC says that only 200 banks will fail this year, down from their earlier forecast of 300 bank failures.

Equity markets showed strength for the year to date, even […]

May 11th, 2010|Categories: Daily Journal of Commerce|Tags: , , , , |Comments Off on A Slow Economic Recovery Puts More Focus On Elections

A Perversely Optimistic Future

William RutherfordWith unemployment at a stubbornly high rate, home foreclosures still proliferating and commercial loans (especially for real estate) teetering, is there reason for optimism? Sometimes adversity is reason for optimism, and sometimes in a perverse way.
For starters, the economic news is not all bad. Consumer confidence is firming. Manufacturing is firming. Inventories are low and will have to be restocked. We just came off a decent quarter for earnings in the S&P. The retail sector has added jobs for three months in a row. The market, generally considered a precursor of the economy, has risen robustly. The Dow was up 4.1 percent and the S&P was up 4.9 percent for the first quarter of 2010. The equity markets were up for the fourth straight quarter.
With interest rates low for an extended period of time, money has sought a more comfortable home.
Money goes where it is treated best, and so it has found its way back into the equity markets and the
credit markets. Credit spreads have tightened, and indeed the credit markets have become more liquid.
Just a year ago banks were reluctant to lend to each other. Companies were struggling to roll over
commercial paper even with very short maturities. Companies were beginning to wonder how they would
have enough cash to meet payrolls and payables. Now, credit markets are absorbing bond sales, especially
massive U.S. government bond sales. The high-yield market is absorbing corporate debt at a record pace
and the great lump of corporate debt that needed to be refinanced is being sold. The high-yield markets
are working on repaying debt not due until 2013 and 2014, with 2010 and 2011 and much of 2012 […]

April 22nd, 2010|Categories: Daily Journal of Commerce|Tags: , , , , |Comments Off on A Perversely Optimistic Future
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